Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) - Cambodia (2003)

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) z Cambodia (2003)

	Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002)	Cambodia (2003)

Administrative divisions	none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order	20 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural); Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pailin, Phnum Penh, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev
Age structure	0-14 years: 25.4% (male 904; female 864) 15-64 years: 64.4% (male 2,288; female 2,193) 65 years and over: 10.2% (male 303; female 402) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 39.3% (male 2,606,568; female 2,557,736) 15-64 years: 57.6% (male 3,599,216; female 3,962,520) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 148,287; female 250,437) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish	rice, rubber, corn, vegetables
Airports	2 (2001)	21 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)	total: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 16 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 13 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups	total: 181,040 sq km land: 176,520 sq km water: 4,520 sq km
Area - comparative	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Oklahoma
Background	First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.	Following a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; over 1 million displaced people died from execution or enforced hardships. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside and touched off almost 20 years of fighting. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy as did the rapid diminishment of the Khmer Rouge in the mid-1990s. A coalition government, formed after national elections in 1998, brought renewed political stability and the surrender of remaining Khmer Rouge forces in 1998.
Birth rate	14.96 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	27.28 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $70 million expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million	revenues: $396 million expenditures: $607 million, including capital expenditures of $254 million (2001 est.)
Capital	Saint-Pierre	Phnom Penh
Climate	cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy	tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	120 km	443 km
Constitution	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)	promulgated 21 September 1993
Country name	conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon	conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia conventional short form: Cambodia local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea local short form: Kampuchea former: Khmer Republic, Kampuchea Republic
Currency	euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)	riel (KHR)
Death rate	6.61 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	9.26 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$829 million (1999 est.)
Dependency status	self-governing territorial collectivity of France	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territorial collectivity of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador Charles Aaron RAY embassy: 27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546 telephone: [855] (23) 216-436/438 FAX: [855] (23) 216-437/811
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territorial collectivity of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador ROLAND ENG chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742 FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381
Disputes - international	none	completed boundary demarcation with Thailand; accuses Vietnam of moving and destroying boundary markers and encroachments, initiating border incidents; accuses Thailand of preventing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; maritime boundary with Vietnam hampered by dispute over offshore islands
Economic aid - recipient	approximately $60 million in annual grants from France	$548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2001 by international donors
Economy - overview	The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector.	Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-1998 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 5.0%. Despite severe flooding, GDP grew at 5.0% in 2000, 6.3% in 2001, and 5.2% in 2002. Tourism was Cambodia's fastest growing industry, with arrivals up 34% in 2000 and up another 40% in 2001 before the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the US. Even given these stout growth estimates, the long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and corruption within the government discourage foreign investment and delay foreign aid. The government is addressing these issues with assistance from bilateral and multilateral donors.
Electricity - consumption	38.13 million kWh (2000)	110.6 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	41 million kWh (2000)	119 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 65% hydro: 35% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m	lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
Environment - current issues	recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment	illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; toxic waste delivery from Taiwan sparked unrest in Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville) in December 1998
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
Ethnic groups	Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)	Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)	riels per US dollar - 3,912.08 (2002), 3,916.33 (2001), 3,840.75 (2000), 3,807.83 (1999), 3,744.42 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Claude VALLEIX (since 9 October 2002) head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council	chief of state: King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993) head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 30 November 1998) and Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 1993) and TOL LAH (since 1998) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king
Exports	$12 million f.o.b. (1999)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts	timber, garments, rubber, rice, fish
Exports - partners	US 43%, Egypt 14%, Japan 11%, Colombia 8% (1999)	US 60.2%, Germany 9.1%, UK 7.1%, Singapore 4.4% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with a black wave line under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the square into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one on top of the other; the flag of France is used for official occasions	three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $74 million (1996 est.); supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million (1996 est.)	purchasing power parity - $20.42 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 40% industry: 20% services: 40% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $11,000 (1996 est.)	purchasing power parity - $1,600 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	4.5% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	46 50 N, 56 20 W	13 00 N, 105 00 E
Geography - note	vegetation scanty	a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap
Heliports	-	2 (2002)
Highways	total: 114 km paved: 69 km unpaved: 45 km (1994 est.)	total: 12,323 km paved: 1,996 km unpaved: 10,327 km (2000 est)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: 2.9% highest 10%: 33.8% (1997)
Illicit drugs	-	narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders
Imports	$55 million f.o.b. (1999)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials	petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles
Imports - partners	France 44%, Canada 40% (1999)	Thailand 24.8%, Singapore 16.9%, China 12.1%, Hong Kong 10.9%, South Korea 5.5%, Vietnam 5.2% (2002)
Independence	none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)	9 November 1953 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	16% (2001 est.)
Industries	fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism	tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles
Infant mortality rate	8.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 75.94 deaths/1,000 live births male: 84.96 deaths/1,000 live births female: 66.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2.1% (1991-96 average)	3.3% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	FZ, WFTU	ACCT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	2,700 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel	Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority
Labor force	3,000 (1997) (1997)	6 million (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.)	agriculture 80% (2001 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 2,572 km border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
Land use	arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 86.96% (1998 est.)	arable land: 20.96% permanent crops: 0.61% other: 78.43% (1998 est.)
Languages	French (official)	Khmer (official) 95%, French, English
Legal system	French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation	primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years
Legislative branch	unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5 note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1	bicameral consists of the National Assembly (122 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held 27 July 2003 (next to be held in July 2007); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held in 2004) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 47%, SRP 22%, FUNCINPEC 21%, other 10%; seats by party - CPP 73, FUNCINPEC 26, SRP 24; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7, other 2 (2003)
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 77.93 years male: 75.66 years female: 80.32 years (2002 est.)	total population: 57.92 years male: 55.49 years female: 60.47 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1982 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 69.9% male: 80.5% female: 60.3% (2003 est.)
Location	Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)	Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Map references	North America	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	total: 527 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,328,371 GRT/3,294,028 DWT ships by type: bulk 49, cargo 412, chemical tanker 2, combination bulk 4, container 17, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 7, short-sea passenger 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Aruba 1, Belize 11, Bulgaria 3, Cambodia 194, Canada 4, China 25, Cyprus 14, Egypt 10, Estonia 2, France 1, Georgia 1, Germany 1, Gibraltar 1, Greece 13, Honduras 8, Hong Kong 12, Iceland 1, Indonesia 2, Iran 1, Ireland 1, Italy 2, Japan 2, Jordan 1, North Korea, 1, South Korea, 25, Latvia 3, Lebanon 6, Liberia 7, Malaysia 1, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 4, Netherlands 1, Norway 1, Panama 10, Romania 2, Russia 75, Saint Kitts and Nevis 4, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Singapore 17, Syria 20, Turkey 18, Ukraine 16, United Arab Emirates 3, United Kingdom 1, United States 5, Vietnam 3 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	-
Military branches	-	Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF): Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$112 million (FY01 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	3% (FY01 est.)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 3,275,533 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 1,829,535 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 165,395 (2003 est.)
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)	Independence Day, 9 November (1953)
Nationality	noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French	noun: Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian
Natural hazards	persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard	monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
Natural resources	fish, deepwater ports	timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential
Net migration rate	-4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]	Buddhist Liberal Party or BLP [IENG MOULY]; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Khmer Citizen Party or KCP [NGUON SOEUR]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP (formerly Khmer Nation Party or KNP) [SAM RANGSI]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	6,954 (July 2002 est.)	13,124,764 note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	36% (1997 est.)
Population growth rate	0.35% (2002 est.)	1.8% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Saint Pierre	Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 7, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1999)
Radios	4,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km	total: 602 km narrow gauge: 602 km 1.000-m gauge (2002)
Religions	Roman Catholic 99%	Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system	general assessment: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; rural areas have little telephone service domestic: NA international: adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Telephones - main lines in use	4,000 (1997)	21,800 (mid-1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (1994)	80,000 (2000)
Television broadcast stations	0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)	6 (2003)
Terrain	mostly barren rock	mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Total fertility rate	2.1 children born/woman (2002 est.)	3.58 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	9.8% (1997) (1997)	2.8% (1999 est.)
Waterways	none	3,700 km note: navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m

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